Informal employment heterogeneities

In this section, the results shown in the General Visualizations (véase https://franlecam.github.io/Paper_informality/ ) are further developed, illustrating the heterogeneities within informal employment. These heterogeneities are evaluated by incorporating two complementary dimensions: (i) the average participation, calculated as the quarterly mean share of each subgroup; and (ii) the volatility, measured as the standard deviation of quarterly variations.

All visualizations are drawn from the study “Informal Employment and Business Cycles: Stylized Facts for Argentina (2004–2024)”, developed by Pedro P. Cohan and Francisco Leiva. All figures were produced by the authors, based on the technical tables of the Permanent Household Survey (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, INDEC)..

Category: Formals and Informals

Average participation

Volatility

Category: Gender

Average participation

Volatility

Category: Age Group

Average participation

Volatility

Category: Formal Education

Average participation

Volatility

Category: Marital Status

Average participation

Volatility

Category: Place of Birth

Average participation

Volatility

Category: Firm size

Average participation

Volatility

Category: Firm Economic sector

Average participation

Volatility